含有pos的单词有哪些(不可不知的商务英文缩写与缩略词)

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Hi. Welcome back to engvid. com. I'm Adam.

你好，欢迎回到我是Adam。

In today's lesson we're going to look at a bit of business writing, and more specifically, we're going to look at abbreviations and acronyms.

在今天的课程中，我们将要来看商业写作相关，更具体地说，我们要看的是缩写词以及首字母缩略词。

But before I even start, I want you to understand that a lot of what you're going to see today, applies in many situations outside of business, but I'll explain those when we get to them.

但在开始之前，我希望你们明白今天即将学到的东西，不仅能够应用在商业，还适用于其他的领域，等一下我会做进一步的解释。

So, first of all: What's the difference between an abbreviation and an acronym?

好了，首先：缩写词和首字母缩略词的差别在哪里？

An " abbreviation" is a shortening of a word. Okay?

“缩写”是将一个词缩短。好吗？

It's one word that we cut out a bunch of letters and, we make it shorter.

我们将一个单词里的许多字母剔除，将其变短。

So, for example, the abbreviation of the word " abbreviation" is " abbr." .

因此，例如“abbreviation”的缩写是“abbr.”。

Okay?

懂了吗？

" Acronyms" , on the other hand, are basically initials.

另一方面，“首字母缩略词”基本上就是由单词的首字母构成。

Initials means the first letter of each word.

也就是每个词的第一个字母。

And initials we usually use with people's names, like John Smith, his initials are JS.

通常我们用首字母表示人名，例如John Smith的首字母是JS。

But when we want to take a bunch of words and we don't want to write all these words, we just want to make something short, but it has to be understood by basically, whoever is going to read it, then we're going to use acronyms. Okay?

当我需要写几个词，却又不想，全部写下来的时候，我们要将其简化，同时必须确保，任何人在阅读时都能够理解，那么就得使用首字母缩略词，明白了吗？

So, let's start with the abbreviations, and in terms of business. Now, especially when, we're writing, either a letter by hand like on paper or an email, these are very common.

接下来，让我们以商业的角度来介绍缩写词，那么，尤其是当我们，进行写作的时候，无论是手写还是撰写电邮商业信件时，下面的这些词都很常见。

" Attn:" means: Who are you writing to?

“Attn:”的意思是：你要写给谁？

So, " attention" .

因此是“attention”（的缩写词）。

Whose attention are you trying to get with this letter?

你希望能够吸引谁来关注这封信？

" Re:" means " regarding" , means: About what?

“Re:”的意思是“关于”，指的是这封信的内容与什么有关。

Now, a lot of people might hink that " re:" in an email means " reply" , it doesn't.

好了，很多人可能误以为，“re:”在电邮里代表“回覆”，但其实不是。

" Re:" in an email or a letter always means " regarding" .

“Re：”在电邮或一封信里总是“关于”的意思。

What is the topic of the conversation?

对话的主题是什么？

So, you know in the email bar it has " re:" , what are you talking about when you reply to somebody?

因此你知道在电子邮件的栏位看到“re：”，回复对方时的内容是什么？

The topic.

是主题。

Okay?

这样明白了吗？

Next, when we end our letter, we should say who we are and what our position is in the company.

接下来，当我们要结束信件时，无论你在公司是什么职位，都必须表明身份。

So, whether you're the Assistant or the Director, you can write: " Asst." , " Dir." .

因此，如果你是助理或董事，可以写“Asst.”,”Dir.”.

or " Director" , or Manager: " Mgr." .

或”Director”，或者经理：“Mgr.”。

Notice that all three of them have a capital.

请注意这三个职务首字母都是大写。

So, it doesn't matter if you're using the full word or an abbreviation, you still have to capitalize, the title of a position, or the title of the person's place in the company.

因此无论你使用完整的词或是缩写词，都需要把，职务头衔,或是在公司里的职位，首字母大写。

Okay? So, if you're the Assistant Director, you write: " Asst. Dir." .

懂吗？因此，如果你是副董事，就写“Asst. Dir.”。

Now, you're wondering why there's no dot here, and there is a dot there.

如果你不知道什么时候加上一点，什么时候不加。

There's a few ways, to figure out which one to use, yes or no on the dot.

有几个方法，可以帮助你了解某个缩写词是否用加点。

Firstly, the more you read and, the more you engage in this sort of writing, you will just see: What is the most common approach?

首先，当你读书越多，越频繁地从事商业写作，你就会自然而然地发现最普遍的处理方式。

But another way is a style guide.

另一个方法是参考写作格式指南。

You can use The Chicago Manual of Style, that's the most common one for general purposes.

你可以参考《芝加哥格式手册》，在一般用途上，手册里的格式是被广泛应用的。

Or if your company has its own style guide or a style sheet, look at it to see if they want a dot or they don't want the dot.

或者，如果你的公司有专属的写作指南或,样式，参考一下并确认需不需要加上一点。

It's really a personal choice of the company's.

每个公司的处理方法不一样。

Okay?

好吗？

So, now, the main thing we have to consider is when we're writing something from the company, we're writing it on company stationery.

因此，现在，我们首要考虑的是，当我们在替公司写信时，我们是写在公司信纸上。

So, the company has pages with a letterhead.

公司信纸上有信头，

It means all the information is already at the top; the name, the logo, the address, etc.

也就是说在信头上附有所有的信息；公司的名称、商标、地址等等。

So, all of this stuff might already be included, for example: which department, which building you're in, for example, in the address.

所以，以下这些信息也许会包含在地址内，比如你所在的部门，你所在的办公楼。

We always like to take shortcuts, and we don't want to write everything.

我们习惯找捷径，不想要写下所有的内容。

Write it short.

把它进行缩写。

" dept." . is enough.

部门缩写成“dept.”就可以。

Everybody knows " dept" . means department.

每个人都知道“dept”就是部门（apartment）的意思。

Building is building: " bldg." because we just want to shorten everything.

建筑物的缩写是：“bldg.”因为我们就是想要缩短所有的东西。

The less, the better.

越少越好。

When you end it, you're writing your name, and underneath: Who are you?

当写结尾时，你署名，在名字下注明：你是谁？

Like, okay, I know your name, but who are you in terms of the company?

也就是说，好吧，我知道你的名字，但是在公司里你是谁？

So, you're writing your position.

因此写下的是你的职位。

Now, you can see all this stuff on business cards, letterheads, etc.

那么，你在名片和信头上都可以看到这些缩写。

So, next, let's look at acronyms. So, if you watched Rebecca's lesson on business acronyms, you heard about Chief Executive Officer, " CEO" , this is the boss of the company, he runs or she runs the whole company.

接下来，我们要看的是首字母缩略词，如果你看过 Rebecca 的商用首字母缩略字课程，你就会知道首席执行官，“CEO”，代表是公司的老板，他或她掌管着整个公司的运作。

Everybody answers to him or her.

每个人都对他或她进行工作负责。

So, " CO" basically means Chief Officer, " Executive" means of the whole company, but then you have different departments or different areas of the company.

那么，“CO”代表首席官，“Executive”代表整间公司，不过公司里有不同的部门和区域。

" CFO" , Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Information Officer, and then there's many other ones that you can use.

“CFO”, 首席财务官、首席运营官、首席信息官，你还可以看到很多其他的例子。

So, now we're going to look at some more acronyms. One thing to remember: Acronyms always use capital letters.

现在我们要看更多的首字母缩略词，要记得一件事：首字母缩略词总是使用大写字母。

Even if you don't need capitals in the extended version, the acronym will always be capital letters.

即使原词不需要以大写字母开头，它的缩略词一定要全都大写。

" ETA" , estimated time of arrival.

“ETA”，预计抵达时间。

So, you call a delivery person, or you call a client and you want to inform them or you want to find out when the product will arrive, so you say. . . I call Amazon, my book hasn't arrived yet, and I say:

因此，当你打电话给送货员，或客户，你想通知他们或是查明货物送达的时间，你会说……我打给亚马逊，说我的书还没送到，我会说：

" What's the ETA on my book" ?

“请问我买的书ETA是什么时候？”

And they write back: " Oh, it will be there sometime next week" .

他们回复：“噢，书将在下周送达”。

Or I need to contact somebody and get some things done, and I call the local place, and they say: " Oh, sorry, we can't help you. You have to call HQ" .

或是当我需要连络某人以便完成一些事情，我打电话到本地办公室，他们说：“噢，真抱歉，我们无法帮助你。你必须致电 HQ 。”

Headquarters, the main office.

HQ也就是总部。

It will probably be capitalized even in the extension, but not the " q" , notice, because it's one word.

HQ 的原单词也可能以首字母大写呈现，但是字母“q”不会是大写，请注意，因为headquarter是一个词。

" MSRP" . So, now, when we're talking about big ticket items, like cars, computers, appliances, then we want to know how much it costs.

「MSRP」。好了，现在，当谈论到大件物品，比如车子、计算机和电器用品，我们想知道价格。

So, what you are paying the store might not necessarily, be the MSRP, because the stores want to make it more competitive.

那么，你付给店家的价格不一定是，建议售价，因为商家希望提供更有竞争力的价格。

The MSRP is the manufacturer's suggested retail price.

MSRP是制造商的建议零售价。

So, the company that made the product tells the stores and tells the distributors: " Oh, you should sell this for $100." That's what it's. . .

因此，制造商告知店家及经销商：“噢，这个你要卖100美元。”这是它……

That's what you can get for it.

这是你可以获得的利润。

But then the stores, they want to compete with other stores, so, they go: " We will beat the MSRP by 10%. We will go under the manufacturer's price" . Okay?

但是对于店家来说，他们要和对手竞争，因此，他们会采取策略：“我们比MSRP（建议售价）再便宜一成，价格优于制造商。”好吗？

" POS" , point of sale.

“POS”，销售点。

So then you go into a store, you find the product you like, you want to go pay for it.

你进入商店，找到你喜欢的商品，你要付钱买下它。

The cash register, the machine where you actually pay or put your card, or whatever, that's called the POS, the point of sale. Okay?

收款机，也就是你付款或刷卡的机器就称为“POS”，销售点。懂吗？

" SOP" , so now you've bought your product, you take it home, and you try to use it and realize:

“SOP”，当你现在已经购买了商品，带回家试用后发现：

" You know what? This is not really good. This is not what I paid for" .

“你知道吗？这其实不太好用。不值得购。”

So you call the company, you say: " I want to return this. Can I just take it back to the store" ?

因此，你致电公司，并说：“我想要退货，可以直接拿回去店面吗？”

And the person on the phone says: " No, I'm sorry, sir, that's not our SOP. You have to do it this steps. You have to go A, B, C, and then get back to HQ" .

电话接应人员回答：“很抱歉先生，这不符合我们的SOP（标准操作程序）。请您依照以下步骤。首先是 A ， B ， C ，最后才是总部。”

" SOP" , standard operating procedure.

“SOP”，标准操作流程。

Basically: How do we do this?

基本就是：我们要怎么做？

How is it done?

这要怎么完成？

How is the. . . ? What is the policy?

这是要……？政策如何？

Now, you're working at the store and you get your paycheque, and on your paycheque it shows, how much this cheque is for, what is your pay for this term, maybe two weeks, one month, etc. And next to it, it will say " year-to-date" .

现在，你在店面工作并拿到薪资支票，在支票上可以看到，支票金额多少，这段时间你的工资，或许是两个礼拜，一个月，等等。你会在旁边看到写着“year-to-date”。

How much have you received so far from the beginning of the fiscal year until now?

从本财务年度的年初至今你获得了多少薪资？

" Year-to-date" .

“Year-to-date”。

But notice that we have the hyphens, so technically, this is like one word, but we still have an acronym for it. Year-to-date.

但是请注意，我们使用了连字符，所以严格来说，这就像是一个词，但它依然有缩略词，是YTD。

Then you take all your financial information, and you go talk to your CPA about doing your taxes, for example.

这之后，比如，你带着所有财务信息，和你的 CPA 讨论缴税相关内容。

Your Chartered Public Accountant.

你的注册会计师（CPA）。

This is an accountant who is recognized by the government, he. . .

一个政府认证的会计师，他……

He or she has a license, and they can sign off and do your taxes, personal or corporate, etc.

他或她拥有执照，被授权处理私人或是公司的税务等等。

Now, the thing to remember is that a lot of this stuff is not only used in business.

那么，我们要记得这些词并不仅限于商业用途。

People use ETA all the time.

人们经常使用ETA。

So, especially when we're texting because, you know, texting uses a lot of acronyms, a lot of abbreviations because people don't like to type too much.

特别是发消息时会用到，你知道，写消息时会用到许多的首字母缩略字和缩写字，毕竟没有人喜欢打一堆讯息。

So I'm typing my friend, he's supposed to come over for. . .

好了，我在和我朋友发消息，他本来要来找我……

To hang out tonight, and he didn't come, he hasn't come yet.

在今晚出去玩，然而他没来，还没来。

So I say: " Hey. What's your ETA" ?

所以我发消息问：“嘿，“喂，你啥时到（ETA） ？”

I don't write: " When do you think you will show up" ?

我不会发：“你究竟几点才会出现啊？”

Say: " What's your ETA" ?

我会说：“你的 ETA 是什么时候？”

And he understands estimated time of arrival: When are you coming? When will you be here?

他就会明白我要问他抵达的时间：你几时到？什么时候到这？

Okay?

好吗？

" SOP" is another one we use in many situations. The " SOP" means how something is done.

“SOP”也是我们经常会用到的。“SOP”代表一件事是如何完成的。

And again, all of these are used for addresses, for business situations, for non-business situations, etc. So it's important to learn these.

再提醒一次，这些内容都被使用于对话中，商业环境或非商业环境中。因此学会这些是非常重要的。

And again, the more you actually get involved in writing and reading business situations or other situations, you will see these all the time and eventually, you will remember how to use them. Okay?

而且，你越是频繁地这些词应用于商业性的写作或阅读情况当中，你就会总是看到它们,最终，你会记得如何使用它们。好吗？

So, I hope this was pretty clear.

因此，我希望我讲得很清晰了。

If you enjoyed this lesson, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.

如果你喜欢这个课程，请在 YouTube 上订阅我的频道。

If you have any questions about this lesson, go to engvid. com, join the forum, ask your questions- I will be happy to reply to them- and take the quiz.

如果你有任何和本课程相关的问题，请到 加入我们的论坛，并发问——我非常乐于解答——也可以参加测验。

There's also going to be a quiz to test your understanding and knowledge of these words.

也会有一个测验，检测下你对这些单词的了解。

And, of course， come back again soon and watch more helpful videos, and I'll see you then.

最后，当然了，希望你很快再回到我的频道，观看更多可以帮助你提升英文能力的视频，到时见。

Bye.

再见。